USS Paul Hamilton (DD-590) was a Fletcher-class destroyer of the United States Navy, the second ship named for Paul Hamilton, secretary of the Navy, who lived from 1762 to 1816. Work on her hull began on 20 January 1943. She was launched on 7 April 1943 with Mrs. William Dewar Gordon as sponsor, and she was commissioned on 25 October 1943.
Captain Leo George May commanded her from the commissioning date until 17 November 1944. She completed shakedown off Bermuda, then from 8 January to 19 April 1944 worked from Norfolk as a training destroyer in the lower Chesapeake. On 25 April she sailed from Norfolk, called at Aruba in the Dutch West Indies, passed the Panama Canal, and reached Pearl Harbor on 21 May 1944.
From Pearl Harbor she went on to Pacific duty. Captain Daniel Carlson assumed command on 17 November 1944 and stayed in that post until 1 September 1945. She arrived at San Diego on 8 July 1945 for overhaul. Captain George Francis Dalton took command on 1 September 1945.
On 24 September 1945 she reported to the Pacific Reserve Fleet and remained inactive. Her name was dropped from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 May 1968. She had survived the war. On 2 April 1970 she was sold for scrap and broken up.